How to Treat Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. While there is no cure, antiviral medications can help manage symptoms, reduce outbreaks, and lower the risk of spreading the virus to others.

Antiviral Medications

Three FDA-approved antiviral drugs treat genital herpes: acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir. These medications work best when started within 72 hours of symptoms appearing. They can shorten outbreak duration and reduce symptom severity.

For a first outbreak, treatment typically lasts 7-10 days. Recurrent outbreaks may only need 3-5 days of treatment. Your doctor will determine the right dosage based on your situation.

Daily Suppressive Therapy

If you have frequent outbreaks (six or more per year), daily antiviral medication can help. Suppressive therapy reduces outbreaks by 70-80% and lowers the chance of passing the virus to sexual partners. Many people take these medications safely for years.

Home Care During Outbreaks

Along with medication, these steps can ease discomfort during an outbreak:

• Keep sores clean and dry

• Wear loose cotton underwear

• Take over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen

• Apply cool compresses to soothe pain and itching

• Avoid touching sores, and wash hands after any contact

Preventing Transmission

Always tell sexual partners about your diagnosis before intimacy. Use condoms or dental dams consistently. Avoid sexual contact during outbreaks or when you feel tingling that signals an outbreak is coming. Taking daily suppressive medication also reduces transmission risk.

When to See a Doctor

See a healthcare provider if you notice sores for the first time, have severe or worsening symptoms, experience frequent outbreaks, or are pregnant. People with weakened immune systems may need stronger treatment. Your doctor can also help create a management plan that works for your lifestyle.